Global Health Nursing Primary Health Care/Primary Care

Global Health Nursing Primary Health Care/Primary Care This discussion will cover the demographic trends that impact global health today, look at patterns of health and disease that impact global health, explain the difference between primary health care and primary care, and review the World Health Organizations (WHO) priority for global health. There are many factors that affect global health including population, environment, and disease. One of the greatest pressures on the global community is the growing population. This demographic trend has a great impact on global health.The global population was 2. 8 billion in 1955 and is 5. 8 billion now. It will increase to about 8 billion by the year 2025. Average life expectancy at birth in 1955 was just 48 years; in 1995 it was 65 years; in 2025 it will reach 73 years (World Health Organization [WHO], 2012). The increasing population means more people living in urban areas; therefore the closer we live together the increased chance of disease and illness. The added people also puts an increased stress on the environment leading to air pollution, water contamination, and less land to depend on for food.The growing numbers presents a threat to health and the economy of many nations. In developing counties, malnutrition and disease are problematic; whereas in developed countries overcrowding leads to pollution, disease, and violence. With increasingly dense living arrangements and global travel, the health of the general populations is threatened by environmental factors and disease, for example, the H1N1 influenza pandemic (Nies & McEwen, 2011, p. 270). Mortality rate, based on disease patterns, vary throughout the world.The biggest difference depends on if it is in a developed country or a developing country. Of 57 million deaths worldwide in one year, 33 million are from noncommunicable disease, 18 million are from communicable diseases, and 5 million are from injuries and violence (Nies & McEwen, 2011, p. 271). Developed countries have the highest mortality rate of chronic disease patterns such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, respiratory disease, stroke, violence, and traumatic injury. While developing countries have the highest mortality rates of infection, malnutrition, and violence.Developed countries are able to reduce mortality rate due to diseases by improving sanitation and immunization through community health. As a country becomes developed, an epidemiological change occurs from risk of infection and malnutrition to having chronic disease. In developing countries, infectious diseases that contribute to high rates of mortality include acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), tuberculosis, endemic malaria, hepatitis B, rheumatic heart disease, parasitic infection, and dengue fever. Yet, these diseases could be reduced by 50% through effective public health interventions (Nies & McEwen, 2011, p. 71). When we discuss the global community, some tend to get the terms primary healt h care and primary care confused. Primary health care refers to essential services that support a healthy life including access, availability, service delivery, community participation, and the citizen’s right to health care. In contrast, primary care refers to first-line or point-of-access medical and nursing care controlled by providers and focused on the individual (Nies & McEwen, 2011, p. 276). In developing countries focusing on the individual in not realistic, the main focus is on the group, therefore primary health care is first priority.One must meet the basic needs such as safe drinking water and food before we can provide individual care. Promoting health worldwide is a great challenge. Several agencies play a part in accomplishing this goal, including the WHO. The WHO stated a goal of â€Å"health for all by the year 2000† back in the 70’s. This goal was then extended to 2010 once it was unattained. Working for the WHO as a nurse would require one to open their mind and think more broadly. The main focus would be solving the problems of the health care delivery system (Nies & McEwen, 2011, p. 275) in order to accomplish the stated goal.As nurses’ we need to look at the comparison between developed and developing counties because there is much we can learn. There is a need for health care reform, and the goal of â€Å"health for all† should guide this. Cuba and Canada were both recognized for reaching the goal of â€Å"health for all†. Collective responsibility or population-based focus must be established with less emphasis on the individual (Nies & McEwen, 2011, p. 275). Prevention is the first line of defense for the reduction of disease and illness. As a nurse working for the WHO, my main focus would be health care reform. Read also: The Advantage of Free Health CareNursing, as the pivotal health care profession, is well positioned to advocate on behalf of, and in concert with, individuals, families, and communities who are in desperate need of a well-financed, functional, and coordinated health care system that provides safe, high-quality care. Accessible, affordable, and high-quality health care will positively contribute to our individual health, the strength of society, our national well-being, and overall productivity (American Nurses Association [ANA], 2008, p. 4). References American Nurses Association. (2008). ANA’s health system reform agenda.Retrieved from http://www. nursingworld. org/Content/HealthcareandPolicyIssues/Agenda/ANAsHealthSystemReformAgenda. pdf Nies, M. A. , & McEwen, M. (2011). Globalization and international health. In Community/public health nursing: promoting the health of populations (5th ed. , p. 269-283). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Sanders. World Health Organization. (2012). Global health observatory. Retrieved from http://www. who. int/gho/ncd/mortality_morbidity/ncd_total/en/index. html World Health Organization. (2012). The world health report. Retrieved from http://www. who. int/whr/1998/media_centre/50facts/en/

Effects of the Internet Essay

â€Å"Bagozzi’s exchange paradigm has emerged as a framework for conceptualising marketing behaviour. † (Bagozzi, 1975: pp. 32). This theory identifies the parties involved in any transaction, and the intangible and tangible entities are exchanged. By identifying the actors/parties, this theory acts as a valuable managerial tool, by helping to think what is being exchanged, and with whom. This theory has helped to see beyond the tangible products being exchanged, but to consider the intangible aspects of the transaction and all entities. The weakness of this being that it is difficult to identify all intangible entities within the transaction. The theory also states the exchange is reciprocal and mutually beneficial (Bagozzi, 1975: pp. 32), i. e. that the entities being exchanged are perceived to be of equal value. Furthermore, Bagozzi (1974) observed that complex exchanges could include both overt and covert coordination. Bagozzi identified three different types of exchange: restricted, generalised and complex. â€Å"Restricted exchange refers to two party reciprocal relationships†, where both parties give and receive from the other party, (Bagozzi, 1975: pp. 32). Generalised exchange includes at least three actors, who benefit indirectly, i. e. gives to one actor and receives from another. Complex exchange is â€Å"a system of mutual relationships between at least three parties†, and is a web or interconnecting restricted and generalised exchanges (Bagozzi 1975: pp. 33). Bagozzi’s theory gave a theoretical framework that could be applied to all situations to help identify the key actors within the exchange. A disadvantage of Bagozzi’s theory being that, identifying the actors and what is being exchanged was always difficult, as this would be difficult for each transaction, and may be unforeseen. With each transaction apart from the overt exchange between the consumer and the merchant, there are a number of intangible entities being exchanged, as â€Å"people buy things not only for what they can do, but also for what they mean† (Bagozzi, 1975: pp. 36). The difficulty of identifying all parties and entities was made even more difficult after the advent of the Internet. The growth of the Internet platform a phenomenon, and there is a correspondence with commerce on this platform (Swaminathan, Lepkowska-White & Rao, 1999: pp. 1-2). In 1999 it was estimated that the online shopping would grow from $11 billion to $41 billion in 2002 (National Retail Federation, 1999). Online Christmas shopping exceeding all IMRG’s expectations when $15 billion (i 7. 66 billion) was spent by British consumers alone in the ten week run up to Christmas, marking a 54% increase more than the i 5 billion spent over the same period in 2005 (IMRG, 2006). As this is such a growing method of commerce and is a large percentage of all transactions, it is important to assess Bagozzi’s theory of the exchange when applied to Internet transactions. The Internet was a portal to a global market, where firms could sell to customers anywhere in the world. Firms could operate entirely online with no costs from premises. This saving could be passed on the customer, as online prices are often less expensive than offline/in-store competitors. Customers also benefited from online shopping as it is more convenient and can buy a wider range of products from around the world. When anyone uses the Internet, information on their activities is gathered, which can be used by firms to target consumers for their products. â€Å"Personalisation is the ability to satisfy specific needs of individual customers†, and has traditionally been employed as a marketing strategy for luxury goods and niche markets, due to the high costs (Mattila, 1999: pp. 40-46). Personalisation depends on the knowledge on the individual, and the ability to satisfy their needs. The Internet has made personalisation a cheaper option, and this strategy can be used for a wider range of products. Firms now have to compete globally with other firms on the Internet, so personalisation has become a â€Å"competitive necessity† (Chellappa & Sin, 2002). Personalisation allows a firm to identify individual consumer needs and inform them of products that will satisfy them. Historically this would be the role of a salesperson to a customer in a restricted exchange (Bagozzi, 1975: pp. 32). Bagozzi’s theory applied well to the face-to-face transactions of the 70’s, however exchanges over the Internet are very different from the in-store transactions that Bagozzi’s theory of exchange applied to, and offer many challenges. Transactions over the Internet have more parties than traditional exchanges, as in order to access the Internet a user must use an Internet service provider. The Internet service provider gives access to the Internet, however it also logs the websites that the user has viewed. So here this could be seen as a â€Å"middle man†, who receives information on the websites visited as well as a premium, and in return allows access to the Internet. This is part of all Internet exchanges, and so it needs to be identified as a party, as the information that they receive is used to target products and services. Figure 1: Note: Adapted and altered from Bagozzi: Marketing as Exchange (1975) This is a very basic diagram of a transaction over the Internet, and as you can see it involves more parties than an offline transaction, making it more difficult to apply Bagozzi’s theory. Identifying all parties involved in a single transaction is very difficult, as there are more entities being exchanged with more parties. This diagram shows a complex exchange (Bagozzi, 1975: pp. 33). Nonetheless, the exchange is quite straightforward, as a consumer pays the merchant and expects the product/service. Due to the distance the product must be delivered involving another party, which makes the exchange a complex one (Bagozzi, 1975: pp.33). With any exchange over the Internet, information will be given to the ISP, and if there are tangible entities then a delivery service must also be a part of the exchange. This would make every exchange over the Internet a complex one, (Bagozzi, 1975: pp. 33), which makes the original types of exchange redundant, as they will all be complex. For this reason, I feel that Bagozzi’s theory of the exchange types must be updated to not include the ISP or delivery service, or to view the delivery service and merchant as a single entity. Historically a restricted exchange (Bagozzi, 1975: pp.32), could take place between a customer and a salesperson. Over the Internet more parties are involved in a transaction, so it is difficult to distinguish between the traditional complex exchanges. Bagozzi’s theory must take delivery into account when distinguishing the exchange types. The Internet is the same market is fundamentally the same market, however advances have bridges geographical gaps and have joined the individual markets. For this reason, Bagozzi’s theory can still be applied when considering what is being exchanged between key parties, and what other parties are involved in the exchange. Nonetheless, Bagozzi’s theory has always had its flaws. The main disadvantage was it was difficult to apply to the diverse range of exchanges that take place. The Internet has made it possible to trade almost product to anyone we can access the internet, and because of this there are now more diverse transactions. For example buying a house abroad can now be done over the internet, but involves a large number of parties and is an â€Å"interconnecting web of relationships† (Bagozzi, 1975: pp. 33). With larger exchanges such as this, it is very difficult to identify all entities and parties within, and complex exchanges such as this are taking places more and more due to the internet. There has always been a difficulty in identifying parties and entities within an exchange, and if this cannot be done then any judgements made will be incorrect. Bagozzi’s theory is valuable as a managerial tool as I promotes thinking about the exchange, however with exchanges involving more and more parties, not only is Bagozzi’s theory going to take longer, but is liable to have more mistakes making it worthless. For small exchanges or exchanges were the parties and entities within are clear, I feel Bagozzi’s theory is still very important, but I feel it is not easily applied to the diverse range of exchanges brought about by the internet. The Internet was an unforeseen phenomenon that has influenced the exchange (Bagozzi, 1975: pp. 39). The theory still fits the exchange process, as it hasn’t changed dramatically, however there are third parties that must be identified, such as the ISP, delivery firms, and other parties that receive information. Delivery is part of the exchange process, however this is part of the service offered by the merchant. If these were identified, it would be possible to differentiate the types of exchange as being restricted, generalised or complex. If this were done, then Figure 1 would be identified as a restricted exchange (Bagozzi, 1975: pp. 32). Within the exchange there is overt and covert coordination (Bagozzi, 1974: pp. 77-81), and think that majority of the third parties that collect information about the consumer’s website habits is collected covertly, however it is still part of the process. For example, the ISP’s collection of viewed websites is used for marketing purposes. Although it is not a party to the exchange, it should be recognised as a third party. References: Bagozzi, R P (1974) Marketing as an Organized Behavioural System of Exchange. Journal of Marketing, 38 (October), 77-81. Bagozzi R. P. (1975) Marketing as Exchange, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 39, p32-39. Chellappa, R K and Sin, P (2002) Personalization versus privacy: An empirical examination of the online consumer’s dilemma. In 2002 Informs Meeting.

My Life

Machiel de Groot Mrs. Carne AVID 9 March 28 2013 My Mandala DRAFT 2222222 Everybody has things that are important to them and their lives. In this essay, I will be explaining what is important to me and why they are big aspects of my life.. The things that are most important in my life are as follows: Sports, Music, Family, Education, and most of all: my best friend. In my Avid class, we were asked to make a â€Å"Mandala†, a circular piece of paper split into four slices with one space left in the middle; leaving a circle in the middle surrounded by 4 other slices.In the center of the Mandala, you were supposed to write what was most important to you; and on the outside you were to write four other, less important aspects of my life. After a prolonged period of introspection, I was surprised by what I discovered about myself and what was most important to me. Creating that Mandala and thinking about my life and who I am changed the way I thought about myself; and maybe it wil l change how you think too. The first thing I drew on the outside of my mandala was a picture of my 2 brothers and parents: my family.Family is a huge part of my life because they represent safety, security, and support in a young person’s life. Because I am close to my family at home, it means that I’ll always have a place to go to in times of need. My family is always there to support me and for that, I am extremely thankful. I always feel like I have a place to go and a home to live in and that is all because I have a loving family there for me. All of these reasons led me to draw that sketch of my family on my Mandala. The next important part of my life is my education.To represent this, I drew a pencil and books. School and academics are hugely important and they will help me later on in life. Although school is absolutely not something that I enjoy, this assignment is about importance, not feelings. Having a good education, especially in a competitive world like today’s, is key to success later in life. Going to GECA is a great example of this. An early college academy like ours can give you a competitive edge against other applicants for colleges and jobs. Having a good education means having a successful life.I am also blessed to have such a wonderful life where I can get an education and it makes sense to get the best out of what you are offered rather than leave it when so many others don’t even get the chance at it. Education, a blessing that we are very fortunate to have, is the second thing that I drew on my mandala The third thing that I drew on my Mandala was sports. Mainly soccer, for which I drew a soccer ball. I play a lot of them and I enjoy them immensely; especially soccer. I’ve played soccer for almost 11 years and it’s what I look forward to doing throughout the week.I feel a sense of achievement when I learn something new and playing the sport gives me an incentive to improve in it and excel. Th is determination can translate over into other aspects of my life as well. That motivation spills over into school and I feel more motivated to try my best. Also, because I play the sport well, it benefits my self-esteem and I feel more confident. For me, sports are a vent for emotions, a place to excel in, and a point of my life that I’m good at that helps me to feel more confident.This is where things got interesting for me: when I first received this assignment, I immediately jumped to the conclusion that music would be the most important thing to me. Music has helped me through a lot of personal issues in my life and I’ve always felt it to be my rock or something to distract me from the world around me. I am not a religious person, although I was for a very long time; therefore I don’t believe that any supernatural being is rooting for me up in the sky.That makes me feel like my issues are my own and they feel much more personal and real than if I’d t hought that there was a god helping me through it. To me, music is that place that I can go to close my eyes and drown in the music and the chords and sounds and be distracted from my problems. There were times when I felt worthless and times when life was meaningless to me (another side effect of being Atheist- you tend to think about life in a much deeper way). Music always helped me through those things and kept me going until better times came along.Because of this, I assumed that music would be the most important to me for always being my escape. However, when I completed my mandala, it didn’t sit with me. I didn’t feel like it represented me well enough. That’s when I realized what was really the most valued thing in my life. Friends. I realized how important they really are to me. I only have one very good friend and she doesn’t even go to my school or live in my city! She lives in Hollister. We met almost a year ago and we’ve gotten to know each other extremely well.It sounds cliche to say that friends are always there for you and that they love you but it really is true. A friend is somebody who you can trust with anything and they will help you out with it. My friend really knows me and we get along perfectly. We have our bad moments just like all friends do, but in the end, things smooth out again. The reason that my friend is the most important thing in the whole world to me is because she really makes me feel loved. Of course your family loves you but that’s always a given.Knowing that someone else out there loves you like a brother and having that companion through life is touching and I’m thankful beyond words for such a strong friendship at such a young stage in my life. And whenever I’m stressed or worried or upset, her voice and smiling face help me through it. That’s not something that should be put on the outside of my Mandala. These are thoughts that, until writing this essay, I hadn’t realized before. This essay made me realize how much she means to me and how much I value true friendship.The reason that my best friend is in the middle of my circle is because I love her like I would a sister and I don’t know where I would be without her in my life. These are the things that I put on my Mandala: Family, because they’re there to support me; Education, because it’s a necessary thing to have in order to lead a successful life; sports, because they give me self-esteem and help me to be more motivated; music, because it’s an escape from worry and trouble; and most of all, my best friend, for listening and talking and making me laugh and feel loved.Life is a complicated thing but sometimes, all you need is family, some sports, and one, single, wonderful friend to make you happy. I sat back and took a look at my life; and now I realize how much I treasure my friend and family; and I’ll keep that in mind now. Now why donà ¢â‚¬â„¢t you sit back and look at your life and decide what is most important to you. Maybe it will open your eyes to what is really important.

Internet activities 5.2 and 6.2 Essay

Exercise 5. 2 1: 1 Based on the website of Ford Motor Company the following is its SWOT analysis. Strengths: The company is a well-recognised name in the automobile business. Since it is a well-established company with premium priced products, the consumer don’t really have to go through its website to confirm of its high quality but to know more about its upgraded features. They know it is one of the best. Its brand name is very strong and that is why the website attracts immediate attention. Weakness: The price of the cars is its weakness, though people believe in its quality, they look out for other alternatives. Since this company spends a lot on manufacturing, distribution, advertising and sales, it has to price it high to make an acceptable profit. The consumers have lots of option today and they turn to products, which fulfil the same need in low price. Opportunities: The increase in purchasing power of the consumers and the growing international market. Threats: Since a lot of companies that promise same benefits and product features at lower prices, the competition has become tougher. So the company needs to pay attention on its opportunities and threats in order to excel in its future marketing strategies and combat its competitors. 2:2 In order to create competitive advantages it should do its positioning in the minds of the consumers in such a way that they start seeing it not as a luxury but a necessity. If a brand achieves the status of a necessity, the consumers might make some comprises in their budget, especially when their purchasing power has increased due to high paid jobs and double income families. Since Ford is recognised internationally, the international market should be explored more vigorously. Exercise 6. 2 1:1 It is evident from the websites of Amazon and Barnes and Noble that both have different target markets. Amazon caters to more young and techno savvy target audience who are in search of a variety of lifestyle products while Barnes and Noble caters to book lovers. But both cater to a target market that is willing to pay for a good product sitting at the comfort of their homes. The marketing mix of Amazon is a little more complex than that of Barnes and Noble. This can be attributed to different target audience that they cater to. Since Barnes and Noble sells books and related products the different P’s of the marketing mix are positioned accordingly. Whereas the P’s of the marketing mix of Amazon are positioned differently because it sells different kinds of products. There is always a feeling with Barnes and Noble that in case of any problem with the product, a nearby bookstore can be contacted for clarifications. Amazon lacks this touch of comfort. The price of the same product varies in both the websites. It takes more time to understand the marketing mix of Amazon when compared to Barnes and Noble. 2. 2 Both these companies have used their websites to do the positioning of their products in such a way that the product attributes, packaging, shipping information and the time required to get the purchased item is clearly engraved in the consumers minds. They have designed the websites well so that the consumers are able to easily access the product information. The bright colors appeal to the senses and make the search more interesting. Barnes and Noble has indulged in company and product differentiation by focussing on the time of delivery and the author profiles that promises best quality products in lesser time while Amazon has focussed on how fast the products are selling out and what are the hot choices of its consumers in order to influence the prospective buyers. References Arens, W. F. and Bovee, C. L. (5 Ed. ). (1994). Contemporary Advertising. USA: IRWIN.

Compare and contrast the approaches to criminal procedure by the U.S Research Paper

Compare and contrast the approaches to criminal procedure by the U.S. Supreme Court under both Chief Justices Earl Warren and Wi - Research Paper Example His presence on the Supreme Court had an impact. More often changes in the decisions of Supreme Court may be caused by change in an issue or by changes in the behavior of individual justices but membership change is also seen as the most obvious source of change in constitutional law and judicial policy making (Smith & Johnson, 1992). Earl Warren served as Chief Justice between 1953 and 1969 and during his tenure the Supreme Court of the United States was referred to as Warren Courts. During his tenure, Warren led group of justice who were liberal and they used judicial power in unique manner and this led to the protest and dissatisfactions of conservative whom they were the opponents (Fugate, 1997). During Warren’s tenure, civil rights judicial powers and civil rights were dramatically expanded. The court under his leadership brought to an end the racial segregation in the United States and was praised for doing so while others criticized the court for doing so. The court als o incorporated the Bill of Rights and brought to an end officially the sanctioned voluntary prayer in public schools. The period is recognized as a high point in judicial power that has receded ever since, but with a substantial continuing impact, members of the Court during the Warren reign included Justices William J. Brennan, Jr., William O. Douglas, Hugo Black, Felix Frankfurter, and John Marshall Harlan II (Fugate, 1997). The effects of Warren Court have been felt greatly in the society and are still referenced to this date; it has undoubtedly had long effect on the society. Since that time, there has never been another court that enjoys the powers similar to the ones Warren Court enjoyed. Besides, many of the rulings made at that time are still the same laws being used today. William H. Rehnquist was a conservative and he led what was then a conservative revolution on the Supreme Court he helped lead for 19 years. Chief Justice Rehnquist's lead in the institution was one of th e longest in the history of the United States and the consequences were most felt (Belknap & Warren, 2005). William h. Rehnquist was very committed to his work and at no point under his leadership did he relent and he managed to translate most of his personal views and held beliefs into binding precedents. Among these precedents was the one that involved enhanced role of the states within the federal system. Under his leadership, the court accomplished this law that deals with federal system by overturning a number of these laws. Rehnquist made his positions known and everybody knew where he stood and left everybody well aware of his position. His position was made known to the public, especially in 1973 when a court overturned laws that prohibited abortion, in his argument he favored the states power. His writings were also very provocative when he wrote on school segregations and women rights as well as the jobs for the aliens in the civil service. He was also in his writings oppo sed to the health care for the poor and other proposals that seems to benefit the low in the society. It was a very controversial precedent and had huge impact on social issues (Decker, 1992). Also during his tenure at the court, he seemed to be on his own isolating

Lessons from Visual Representation of War in Iraq Essay

Lessons from Visual Representation of War in Iraq - Essay Example Gruesome videos and photographs emerged documenting the torture at Abu Ghraib, of the Iraqi prisoners by American soldiers (Giroux 2004). The consequences of the torture of Iraq detainees by United States soldiers are far reaching. Following the release of the photos by the press, people have questioned the legitimacy of US activities and goals in Iraq. This essay will highlight the lessons learnt from the visual representation of the war in Iraq. Discussion Prisoner Abuse The abuse of prisoners in Abu Ghraib can be learnt from the visual representation of the war in Iraq. Following the appearance of photographs in the news in April 2004, the Iraqi and world opinion shifted against the US. These revelations led to reports and investigations in which analysts found out that the medical personnel of the US military was involved in the abuses perpetrated in Abu Ghraib. Photographs were released to the press following the reporting of Iraqi prisoners’ abuses by a police sergeant w ho was working at the prison facility in Abu Ghraib. Upon investigation, a report was produced and released to the press. ... However, the administration which was under Bush claimed that it was a case of few individuals (Giroux, 2004). The culture of the military is highly depicted through the representation of torture in the photographs. Some of the individuals who were responsible for the atrocities committed on Iraqi detainees. However, according to Bartone, (2010), majority of the service members in the US military were not capable of taking part in the torture of the detainees and were dismayed by the acts of their counterparts. They indicated that the scandal of Abu Ghraib was a major stressor and a violation of humanitarian and democratic ideals that the US military was advocating for. Individual and situational factors have been depicted following the emergence of the picture detailing the torture at Abu Ghraib. Under the situation in which the military was placed in at Abu Ghraib, there was the likelihood of development of sadistic tendencies on the part of the soldiers. The prison environment was responsible for development of sadistic tendencies depicted in the nature of torture the officers meted on Iraqi detainees. Situational factors The visual representation of the war in Iraq highlights the ambiguity in command chain in the US military that was deployed in Iraq. The atrocities highlighted in the photos were committed due to confusion and uncertainty as to who was in charge and responsible for ensuring that the military did not go overboard. The Taguba report, which detailed the events that transpired in Abu Ghraib, indicated that during the time when the torture was taking place, there was a major conflict between the commanders of the Military Intelligence Brigade and the commander of 800th brigade. Consequently, the American soldiers who were at the Abu Ghraib

Graphic Design Industry and the Willingness to Allow People with Fine Dissertation

Graphic Design Industry and the Willingness to Allow People with Fine Motor Skills Disability into the Discipline - Dissertation Example Early education curriculums in the graphic design communities have been characterized similarly to those in the general educational field where they are fashioned for able-bodied students. Art and design have from the past been thought to be courses that required a lot of body movement and function, this limiting the number of scholars with various disabilities. However, with increased interest in the field where all individuals despite their differences are considered equal have brought about changes in such early philosophies. Chapin (2006) through his article provides suggestions and insight on how educationalists can go about to help students in developing their own voices. His assertions are based on the premise that in the field of fine arts, the most important idea and voice is that of the individual artist. However, this becomes complicated when the artist does not understand the tools of communication to pass an artistic idea to the public. He advises that when teaching a te chnical or a design conceptual course, educationalists have the opportunity to challenge students to recognize social change and if courses that teach design and process were divided and recognized as different curriculums, the country would have classes for critical thinking and conceptualization, and other classes for aesthetics and technique. As earlier mentioned, art schools were initially placed to serve a certain portion of students with special needs however, at that particular time the term disability was not well understood. The definition of ‘disability’ is broad, and includes physical, social, mental, and behavioral wants. Additionally, work by Cobb and Sharkey (2007) provides a particular emphasis on disabilities among individuals.