Atticus Finch Characterisation

Sebastian Huitron English Honours 11B Miss Rachel MacNally 10/04/2013 Character Analysis: Atticus To Kill a Mockingbird was written by Harper Lee in 1960. It was a time in which African Americans lacked the same rights as white people. The novel is a social critique set somewhere in the 1930s. Atticus Finch is one of the major characters in the novel. He is the father of Jeremy â€Å"Jem† and Jean Louise â€Å"Scout†, he is also a lawyer in Maycomb County, Alabama. In a city reigned by social inequality and intolerance, Atticus represents justice and morality.Racism is one of the major themes in the book, since the story takes place in the 1930s. It is clear in the novel that African Americans lack the same opportunities and rights, and most of the white people treat them different, except for Atticus. Atticus tries to see things from others’ perspectives and treats everyone in the same way. Atticus is a man of principles and is constantly judged by other people for his tolerance towards African Americans calling him a â€Å"nigger-lover†. The fact is that Atticus is colorblind, so to speak.He does not care if they are white, black, red, yellow, purple, or blue, for him everyone is a human who has the same rights as everyone else. Social status is not something Atticus Finch worries about, he gives all the citizens in Maycomb the same treatment, hence earning the respect and mocks of the people living there. In chapter eleven, Atticus says â€Å"I do my best to love everybody. † (Lee 108) It is this sense of colorblindness that makes Judge Taylor appointed Tom Robinson’s rape case specifically to Atticus. Tom Robinson was an African American who was accused of raping Mayella Ewell, a seventeen-year old white girl.Perhaps even Judge Taylor knew that Tom Robinson was innocent, but it is important to recall that African Americans were always found guilty, even if the evidence pointed in a different way. Atticus believes in justice and the justice system, though he does not like criminal law. Atticus explains to Jean Louise the reason why he is willing to defend Tom Robinson. He is defending Tom Robinson not because he is an African American, but because he is innocent. According to stereotypes, lawyers are only interested in being paid; they do not really care about the case and their client. Atticus akes us have a different perspective on lawyers. He can be called as an â€Å"ideal lawyer†, he represents everything a man working in the justice system should do. He is fair, listens to both sides of the court, thus having different perspectives of the events, as well as seeing everything from different angles. Atticus applies these same principles in his house; Jean Louise says that whenever Jem and she fight, Atticus listens to both sides of the stories before reaching a solution. Atticus is an outstanding parent. He treats his children as adults but he knows that they are still kids and that they may do childish mistakes.Atticus is sincere with his children and answers all their questions, for example, he explained what â€Å"rape† was to Jean Louise. He constantly asks the question â€Å"Do you really think so? † when he wants their children to reconsider what they have stated or asked. It is an important factor that he does not adjust his speaking tone to what other people would consider is the right tone when talking to children; he talks to them as if they were mature adults. â€Å"’I’m afraid our activities would be received with considerable disapprobation by the more learned authorities. Jem and I were accustomed to our father’s last-will-and-testament diction, and we were at all times free to interrupt Atticus for a translation when it was beyond our understanding. ‘Huh, sir? ’ ‘I never went to school,’ he said, ‘but I have a feeling that if you tell Miss Caroline we read every night she’ ll get after me, and I wouldn’t want her after me. ’† (Lee 32). This quote is a proof of the previous statement and also shows that Atticus is devoted to his children and takes into consideration what they want. Jean Louise explained Atticus that if going to school meant that they couldn’t read at night, then she didn’t want to go.Atticus replies by explaining why it is important to go to school. In the end they make an agreement in which Jean Louise will go to school and they will continue reading at night as long as she does not tell Miss Caroline about it. Almost at the end of the book, Atticus gives his reasons to Mr. Tate on why Jem should be tried just as anyone else. â€Å"If this thing’s hushed up it’ll be a simple denial to Jem of the way I’ve tried to raise him. Sometimes I think I’m a total failure as a parent, but I’m all they’ve got. † (Lee 273). This is Atticus maximum expression of love , respect and devotion to his son.Atticus has a very strict code of honor and tries to pass on his own values to his children. The reason why he puts much effort into the Tom Robinson’s case is not because Tom Robinson is actually an African American, but because he is innocent. As stated before, he is â€Å"colorblind†. Atticus recognizes that Calpurnia takes a very important role in the house since it is her who is practically raising the kids. In chapter three, Atticus makes Jean Louise realize how important Calpurnia is for them, â€Å"I’ve no intention of getting rid of her, now or ever. We couldn’t operate a single day without Cal, have you ever thought of that?You think about how much Cal does for you, and you mind her, you hear? † (Lee 25). Miss Maudie once told Jean Louise that â€Å"Atticus Finch is the same in his house as he is in the public street. † (Lee 46). A clear example is when he personally goes to Tom Robinson’s w ife to inform her about the news of his now late husband. He does not behave like the other White people in Maycomb, perhaps anybody else would have just sent a messenger to deliver this terrible news. If there is anything that Atticus truly detests are people taking advantage over others.The only time that he seriously lectures his children is on the evils of taking advantage of those that are not so fortunate or who do not have the same level of education. â€Å"As you grow older you’ll see white men cheat black men every day of your life, but let me tell you something and don’t you forget it—whenever a white man does that to a black man, no matter who he is, how rich he is, of how fine a family he comes from, that white man is trash. † (Lee 200). Even if Atticus is often mocked or threatened for one reason or another, he still sees only the good in people and tries to excuse their bad actions.Miss Dubose, for example, is always insulting Atticus in fro nt of his kids. Even though Jean Louise tells Atticus about what Miss Dubose says, he excuses it by saying that she is a very old, lonely woman. After Miss Dubose’s death, he explains Jem why Miss Dubose was a lady after all and that Jem could actually learn something from her. â€Å"I wanted you to see something about her—I wanted you to see what real courage is [†¦]. It’s when you’re licked before you begin but you begin anyway and you see through it through no matter what. She was the bravest person I ever knew. † (Lee 112).In conclusion, Atticus finch is a very righteous person with a â€Å"colorblind† code of honor. He is often mocked but is still respected by everyone and he is the man everyone goes to in times of need. As a parent, Atticus tries to teach his kids the same values he has and although he treats them as adults, he still knows they are children. In one word, Atticus is a gentleman. His sense of justice is explained th rough this last quote, â€Å"You know the truth, and the truth is this: some Negroes lie, some Negroes are immoral, some Negro men are not to be trusted around women— black or white.This is a truth that applies to the human race and to no particular race of men. † (Lee 204). Works Cited Lee, Harper. To Kill a Mockingbird. United States Of America: Lippincott Company, 1960. 281. Print. 3 Apr. 2013. Shmoop Editorial Team. â€Å"Atticus Finch in To Kill a Mockingbird† Shmoop. com. Shmoop University, Inc. , 11 Nov. 2008. Web. 4 Apr. 2013. gemgem6969, . â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird – Character Analysis of Atticus. † (2008): n. pag. Studymode. Web. Apr 2013. . Smith, Nicole. â€Å"Character Analysis of Atticus Finch in To Kill a Mockingbird. † (2011): n. pag. ArticleMyriad. Web. 4 Apr 2013. . â€Å"Character Analysis Atticus Finsh. † To Kill a Mockingbird n. pag. CliffsNotes. Web. 4 Apr 2013. .

Animal Research as an Integral Part of Society

As Doctor Zola-Morgan stated in a speech to animal right activists, â€Å"I†ve seen the impact of the animal rights movement. I believe this is an attack on science of the worst kind. If we allow it to prevail it will take us back to the dark ages.† Too much of the public has come to think of medical researchers as â€Å"tormenters rather than healers.† The good is overlooked and the bad is exploited. Although many people think that animal research is morally wrong, animal research should continue because it is critical to continued progress in human health and alternatives to research animals are not available. Animal rights activists feel that animal research is immoral. They do not see where we as human beings see or feel that we are the dominant species. They often assert that research with animals causes severe pain and that many research animals are abused. The activists do not feel the need to put the animals through such pain. Many of the experiments are replicated also which causes an unneeded demand for animals to perform experiments. Experiments which have already been proven are still being experimented with. However, animal research is an integral part of today†s society when thinking of how much progress we have gained in human health with the use of animal experimentation. To date some forty-one Nobel prizes have been awarded to scientists whose achievements depended on laboratory animals. Vaccines against polio, diphtheria, mumps, measles, rubella, and smallpox would not have been possible without such experiments. There also would not be such important techniques such as open heart surgery, brain surgery, coronary bypass, microsurgery to re-attached limbs, organ transplants, and correction of congenital heart defects. The list goes on about the medical advances that required animal research. Insulin to control diabetes and medications important in the management of asthma, epilepsy, arthritis, ulcers, and hypertensions are a few more to add to the list. To take animal research away would also be to halt our society†s advancement of more procedures and more medicines to enhanc he better living of humans. In addition, there are no alternatives to animal experimentation that can give the same results that it can. In certain research investigations, cell, tissue, organ cultures, and computer models can be used at least in the preliminary phases of the investigation. However, in many experimental situations, culture techniques and computer models do not capture the â€Å"physiological complexity† of the whole animal. Some examples of where animals are necessary in research include the development of a vaccine against HIV and improvement of methods to relieve mental stress and anxiety. These challenges can only be addressed by research with animals. Computer models and cultures cannot get the whole body effect of an experiment. Humans are the only alternatives to animals for this and when faced with this alternative, most people prefer the use on animals as the research model. Animal research is necessary to maintain our society†s well being. Many people think it is morally wrong but when the advantages are considered with the disadvantages, the good outweighs the bad. Animal Research is necessary to continued progress in human health. If other methods were available they would be given a fair chance but for now only animal experimentation works best. If all of the advances in human health were taken away our society would still be in a primitive age. Animal research has taken us out of that age.

Budgeting and Financing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Budgeting and Financing - Essay Example No matter how one refer to it, it's a tool to help him/her to prioritize spending and manage money-no matter how much or how little he/she has. A fiscal deficit is regarded by some as a positive economic event. For example, economist John Maynard Keynes believed that deficits help countries climb out of economic recession. On the other hand, fiscal conservatives feel that governments should avoid deficits in favor of a balanced budget policy. Fiscal deficit is an economic phenomenon, where the Government's total expenditure surpasses the revenue generated. It is the difference between the government's total receipts (excluding borrowing) and total expenditure. Fiscal deficit gives the signal to the government about the total borrowing requirements from all sources. The fiscal deficit is the difference between the government's total expenditure and its total receipts (excluding borrowing). The elements of the fiscal deficit are (a) the revenue deficit, which is the difference between the government's current (or revenue) expenditure and total current receipts (that is, excluding borrowing) and (b) capital expenditure. The fiscal deficit can be financed by borrowing from the Reserve Bank of UK (which is also called deficit financing or money creation) and market borrowing (from the money market that is mainly from banks). It is the fund used by an establishment to produce physical assets like property, equipments or industrial buildings. Capital expenditure is made by the establishment to consistently maintain the operational activities. Arguments: Fiscal deficit lead to inflation According to the view of renowned economist John Maynard Keynes, fiscal deficits facilitate nations to escape from economic recession. From another point of view, it is believed that government needs to avoid deficits to maintain a balanced budget policy. In order to relate high fiscal deficit to inflation, some economists believe that the portion of fiscal deficit. Expert recommendation Financial advisors recommend that the Government should not promote disinvestment to reduce fiscal deficits. Fiscal deficit can be reduced by bringing up revenues or by lowering expenditure. Logically, there are two ways in which the fiscal deficit can be reduced - by raising revenues or by reducing expenditure. However given the character of our State and the constraints of a liberalized economy, the government has not increased revenues. In fact, in budget after budget the government has actually given away tax cuts to the rich. Even when it has tried to raise revenues, it has been through counterproductive means like disinvestment. The main impact of the policy of reduced fiscal deficits has therefore been on the government's expenditure. This has had a number of effects. First, government investment in sectors such as agriculture has been cut. Secondly, expenditure on social sectors like education, health and poverty alleviation has been reduced leading to greater hardship for the poor already bearing the brunt of liberalization. Perhaps most importantly, in an economy going through a recession the government is not allowed to play any role in boosting demand. CATEGORY B Q. No. 1 Why

Rebuttal essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Rebuttal - Essay Example Affirmative action in essence means giving preferential treatment to diverse groups in society either for academic or employment purposes. These policies are targeted to combat discrimination that has plagued American societies for centuries. Without a doubt, America is referred as a â€Å"melting pot† as many individuals come from diverse backgrounds. While affirmative action is a bold attempt to atone the sins of past decades, affirmative action needs to be eliminated since it leads to preferential treatment, lowers standards for performance, and leads to reverse discrimination. The author argues that affirmative action insist that diversity in college will produce a more nurturing environment. Although that may be true to a certain degree, it does not diminish the fact that a diverse classroom is derived from different opinions, not necessarily from a race context. It is wrong to assume that diverse classroom will promote more ideas since race has little to do with innovation. Some students that are not admitted based upon a merit status struggle to excel in their posts. For instance, an individual who gets accepted to systems analyst position at IBM, will continue to struggle if he does not understand the basics of management information systems. If that particular individual is not capable of handling the complicated tasks expected from him, then clearly he should not have been employed. The worst part is the fact that it has divided the country deeply in the issue as the flaws of this legislation are so deep that it gives an advantage to minorities. The whole notion of reverse discrimination is a huge flaw in the author’s logic because the author insists it opens new doors for opportunities. However, the author fails to address that it leads to preferential treatment. Imagine a scenario in which a Caucasian and a minority both apply for a high-qualification job. For the sake of the

How health psychology research might contribute to solving health Essay

How health psychology research might contribute to solving health problems associated with socioeconomic disadvantage - Essay Example These health problems could be understood from a much narrowed down perspective – one that is significant to the whole related discussion. The patients who have socioeconomic disadvantages are the ones who suffer the most because they have lack of resources available at their disposal and this means that they seem to miss out on a number of health benefits which the state (the public sector) or the private sector has brought forward for them. Socioeconomic disparities could play havoc with the mental and physical self of the patients in a very drastic manner. It hampers the manner under which patients could manifest their health basis with the money that they have to take care of their lingering health related problems. They usually measure up their ailments in the light of the money that they could muster in order to bring a remedy for the same. (Stecklov, 2001) The state has a huge role to play in changing the way people think. This could be done if proper facilities could be made available and if there are adequate arrangements to take care of the potential health threats that the deprived individuals can face with the passage of time. Research in the health psychology domains would reap rich dividends. The reason for the same is that it will pinpoint the grey areas as well as find out the exact problems that owe a hand or two towards the declining regimes of health basis within the people who are at a socioeconomic disadvantage and loss within any society. It will examine the exact basis of growth within these problems and look to solve the same in the light of the present day case studies. (Repper, 1998) It will seek help from researchers in the same field and understand the rationales behind socioeconomic disparities and how the two work hand in hand (in a negative connotation) towards the deterioration of health standards within a society to say the

Effective Teaching and Learning in the Primary School Essay

Effective Teaching and Learning in the Primary School - Essay Example Promoting the learning and achievement of pupils is a main aim of school education (TLRP, 2006). Teacher’s commitment to education and the insight reflection regarding teaching and learning process enables him to see the complexity involved in the process and only then he is able to discover the hurdles which learners face during the process. Readiness for implementation of different strategies for individuals and persistent research to overcome these bottle necks in the learning environment; increases the capacity of children to contribute in the contemporary society. A school’s curriculum consists of content which facilitates its students to learn and experience at a quality level. National curriculum not only provides with the same objectives to be achieved throughout the country, keeping in mind the age level; but also provides a platform where schools can produce their own curriculum according to need basis. The concepts to be learned are planned in such a way that they are integrated with social and moral values. Children learn civility and manners in this way as this is considered as a part of hidden curriculum. The purpose is clear for all to develop learning skills and enrich our children in such a way that they become a useful and constructive member of the future. Every child has a different learning style an effective teacher learns through experience and research that one strategy of learning might not fit for all. The groups of individuals in a class have learning potential but all of them possess different styles of acquiring them. Thus holistic development of a child does not only depend on contents of his curriculum but on the effectively applied strategies of an effective teacher. All over the world teachers, teach children writing styles through several ways. Children need different characteristics and styles from teacher to learn the specific trait. Learning how to write is a difficult process for children, where educators are required to link several skills together which matches the child’s comprehension and learning style. The problem becomes quite clear describing the characteristics of an effective teacher, who is able to foresee the hurdles in the process and therefore is ready with a plan to overcome these challenges. Learning how to write can be a distressing problem in a child’s personal and educational life. If a child is unable to develop certain basic skills during his schooling, later on further stages he will be unable to compile his thoughts into writing and will be unable to express what he learnt. Different subjects require students to show their learning through writing and even in exams they are supposed to write what they learnt in the session. Children who face such problems feel difficult to cope up and thus are discouraged easily. The process of writing itself becomes a challenge providing minimum help. This problem is interlinked with several other areas of learning w hich in turns slows down the holistic development of a child. Children, who are inattentive and impulsive, face difficulty to start with writing tasks, are easily distracted, get bored or tired quickly, show lack of interest in writing, write in improper font, make careless spelling mistakes and are less interested in organizing writing tasks. Children, who face spatial order problem have poor sense of line on paper, uneven space between letters and

Archetypes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Archetypes - Essay Example She mixes up her business professionalism with life care, in that she endows the main task of caring for the child. This movie lays credence to the socio-economic position of the global period during that 10-year period, characterized by the decreased growth of countries’ low standards of living. Her final decision that overcame the thought of an adoption, as she had grown attached to the child shows how the female figure appreciates life. The viewers remain appreciating the rational decision presented. They remain criticizing her male counterpart who abandoned her at her most crucial time (Harold Ramis), an investment banker. Despite all the challenges and hurdles that Wiatt had grown through including suffering a nervous breakdown, she later resurfaces, and all hopes are high when her Baby Food company sales at millions. With the improvement in the world economy, women leadership position has even been more solidified as the new economic period ushers occurs. The movie, The Devil wears Prada of 2006; shows career based female power, love, and friendship linkages in complex and sometimes paradoxical perspectives. Women power linkages explained in the movie reveal that females utilize power effectively to ensure they are competitive in business. They also help other women advance in their careers. This is evident when Andrea acts loyal to Miranda when she attempted to warn her against the coup that intended to overthrow Miranda for a younger woman. However, love and friendship linkages deteriorate, as women become successful professionals. In spite of linkage drawbacks, such movies portray optimism and stable women figure images for young females in the workforce (Danya 70). With the high and improved economic standards, there has been enhancement in life and consequently because of westernization, social evils such as prostitution and production of pornographic materials have sprung up. In the 2004 American teen film, The

US Military History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

US Military History - Essay Example Immediately after the end of the Second World War, the Korean War broke at the height of Cold War with the two superpowers playing a significant role in influencing the war. The Soviet Union supported the North communist region as the U.S offered support to the South region that held the idea of capitalism. Although Russia failed to engage in direct combat during the war, it provided support through offering war equipment to the North region and eventually supporting Chinese communist military leading to the end of the war. The U.S involvement, however, occurred through providing support and engagement of U.S military in combat (Stewart, 2005). The primary objective behind the U.S engagement in the Korean War resulted from the fact that the U.S held a need of saving face as well as ensuring that it appeared stronger than communism. Therefore, it is indicative that America never held vital interests on Korea. In supporting the south anti-communists Syngman Rhee that was considered as tyrannical in the same manner as his North counterpart Kim II-Sung, the support offered by the U.S relates from the simple reason of the south region adoption of a non-communist approach. Furthermore, offering support to Rhee a leader that was equally corrupt and tyrannical served the negative policies that the U.S advocated. Again, the culminating factors that led to the involvement of Chinese military in the war served in portraying the weakness of and establishment of the superiority of the communist forces.

The Role of the Operating Manager in Information Systems Essay

The Role of the Operating Manager in Information Systems - Essay Example However, the system transformation process is not easy as an entire department that utilized the system is grounded to a halt, which means dealing with inconveniences of managing the functions manually (Khosrow-Pour, 2001). The main issue is in how to attain effective Information Technology Management within MSCC while sufficiently anticipating challenges and their solutions to guarantee business continuity and employees’ productivity. During the 1900, Midsouth focused on transportation systems and legislative decisions caused many communities to lack access to reliable transportation, halting the economic and business development. However, by 1930s, the charter included additional issues, thus transforming into an aggressive commercial advocacy firm by 1990s. These changes were accompanied by company growth in terms of human resources and profitability changed by 2000 to reflect a downfall in the annual budget by $250,000 and a membership of about 2,300. The main contributors included the internet bubble, loss of regional manufactures, and the economic downtime back then. Although, MSCC did not lose its position as a powerful business advocacy firm in 2000, the company’s management experienced the challenge of inability to fund annual operational business in line with the company’s aggressive growth. Lassiter, the Vice President in 2000 experienced a serious dilemma of staff and program retrenchment for an effective sales and marketing team, thus translating into less aggressively grown revenue in the firm. As an information Technology professional, Lassiter proactively sought for the solutions to the IS challenges that included misaligned marketing and sales support functions, restricted capacity of the current information system, and the arising concerns over security given that each staff member lacked access to data required for the operation of MSCC activities for sales and marketing. At MSCC, information technology is

Is Raynair an unethical business Ethical and Philosophical approaches Essay

Is Raynair an unethical business Ethical and Philosophical approaches - Essay Example Four years later, the company lost $20 million dollars. Later in 2011, the company had grown to attract 75.8 million passengers who boarded their planes, leading to generation of a whopping $4.2 billion in revenues. After years of exponential growth, the company finally resolved to offer their customers very low airfare rates, though a storm sparked when the company introduced many unreasonable charges. Raynair unmatched low prices brought the company to a status of global fame, because its services were 2-3 times cheaper than what similar companies charged. However, the truth of the matter is that this airline company had introduced so many hidden fees and services to boost its revenue and recover from the extremely low prices. This issue attracted a lot of controversy regarding the legality of what Raynair was doing and whether its business plan and procedures was really ethical. In a nutshell, Ryanair’s hidden charges are certainly unethical. It is very strange, for example, to realize that a customer is charged a fee for not checking-in online. Raynair introduces so many hidden charges and hides them under their â€Å"low priced tickets†. This unethical practice, unfortunately, can taints its reputation and reduce its customers base. If Raynair’s purpose is to maximize shareholder’s returns, violating the rights of employees and customers to achieve its goals is a violation of its ethical responsibility. Raynair airline is a corporate entity, which is legally considered to be a corporate person, entitled to rights and responsibilities, just like any other person. Theorists, such as Milton Friedman has maintained that corporate executives are free to maximize the profits of their entities the way they want, but by making sure they conform to their basic rules of the society, including those embodied in the ethical customs and those embodies in law (Friedman, 1970). However, the case of Raynair is a case of total disregard to these laws and ethical customs. While the company generates about $500 million, over 20 percent of this revenue comes from sources other than airline tickets. Some of the additional revenue sources include $208 charged for passengers who change names on their boarding pass, exces sive luggage fee of $28 per kilo, a boarding pass fee of $40, a reserved seat fee of $13, credit card use fee of 2%, a checked musical instrument fee of $83, a bottle of water that is sold to customers at $3.50. These and many other types of fees that are charged in the cabin have attracted a lot of controversy, regarding their legality and ethical grounds. The employees of Raynair are also not left out in the ethical controversy that surrounds their employer. They are the ones who are forced to charge the customers these controversial charges. According to Friedman, maximizing of the company’s profits without regards to workers or customer’s welfare is an unethical act of individualism (Gallagher, 2005). In regards to this, Raynair is engaging in individualism because its central motive is maximizing profits, notwithstanding what it will take to achieve that goal. Following its reactions, it was estimated that the company would save millions of money, at the expense o f 400,000 passengers. The fact that there are numerous customers who lodge complaints after experiencing different ordeals, but their concerns are hardly addressed, is a further testimony

Theory Comparison Essay Example for Free

Theory Comparison Essay It has been a long established fact that man is a unique being. Not only is he different in his ethnic background, man also has variations in his behavioral pattern. Thus, man should be viewed and treated as an exclusive being. For a long time, Psychology can be said to have noticed this rather distinct attribute of man and have sought to understand man from this perspective. This they have attempted to do by proposing various theories that seek to tell us ways by which we should view the individual in the society. Notable pioneering leaders in the field of psychology, whose works and theories have greatly affected the growth of the field of study, are Sigmund Freud and Alfred Alder. These scholars propounded psychodynamic and Adlerian approaches to counseling respectively. Historically, both scholars lived during the same period and as expected, they were colleagues in the profession. Making a comparison of booth theories propounded by them, in counseling children, psychodynamic approach in counseling children and adolescents seeks to know the explanation of the behavioral pattern of the child while making an attempt to understand how the growth of children and adolescents can be affected by their experiences and relationship withy their caregivers. Psychodynamic approach also uses the dreams to infer probable disorders and based on this provide a course of treatment. On the other hand, Adlerian approach basis its therapy on the improvement of self-esteem. In counseling children and adolescent, the therapist encourages the patient or client in overcoming his or her inferiority complexes and self-centeredness. In addition to this, Adlerian approach seeks to help children to gain insight into their goals as well as ways of attaining them. In the counseling process, the counselor attempts to identify the fantasies that children and adolescent might have and also identify goals that are far from reach to the growing child. The counselor then attempts to redirect these goals so that they will not lead to other psychological disorders informed by the reality of not being able to achieve these goals. Because these theories are both theories in psychology, there are some aspects of these theories that are relatable. To begin with, both theories are psychoanalytic theories that aim at the same goal – which is to provide an answer to thinking or mental disorders. Apart from this, both psychodynamic and adlerain theories recognizes that people man sometimes have some desires that are higher than him. In the case of psychodynamic approach, counseling seeks to identify some disorders based on fantasies that the patient has built around himself/herself. In the case of Adlerian approach, the tool used deals with the identification of goals set that are higher than the patient or client which when not met tends to build frustration. However, Freud’s psychodynamic approach is based on the assumption that disorders can be attributed to one’s personal developmental experiences which causes unconscious conflicts that are directly responsible for the patient’s condition. On the other hand, in Adlerian approach, disorders are attributed to frustrations informed by inferiority complex. Apart from this, in diagnosing disorders, the method used in the psychodynamic approach is that of interpretation. Here, the therapist or physician listens to dreams, fantasies etc of the patient and seek to interpret the words of the patient. The physician seeks to link these dreams and fantasies as being the responsible for the present position of the patient. However, the method of diagnosis in Adlerian approach is not as interpretative as the psychodynamic approach. Also, the psychodynamic approach can be said to apply a â€Å"past looking† method in diagnosis while in the case of Adlerian approach it is a â€Å"becoming† or â€Å"forward looking† way of diagnosing. In addition to this, the techniques used are different. In the case of psychodynamic approach, different forms of interpretations are used. For instance, it uses transference interpretation, genetic interpretation, and dream interpretation to understand the condition of the patient. On the other hand, the Adlerian approach uses psychotropic medications to ease the overpowering fantasies, encouragement to stay live. It also uses motivation as a tool and seeks to build the patient’s superiority complex. Reference: Mitchell, S.A., Black, M.J. (1995). Freud and beyond: a history of modern psychoanalytic thought. Basic Books, New York

Analysis of UK Commercial Law

Analysis of UK Commercial Law Commercial Law Definition Commercial law in England and Wales is not susceptible to succinct categorisation as a unified body of law such as, for example, criminal law or the law of torts. Goode[1] has commented: â€Å"The absence of anything resembling a commercial code makes [the question, â€Å"Does Commercial Law exist?] harder to answer than might be imagined. If, by commercial law, we mean a relatively self contained, integrated body of principles and rules peculiar to commercial transactions, then we are constrained to say that this is not to be found in England†. Commercial legal practice will deal with a wide variety of subjects including the law relating to contracts, consumer credit, insurance, tax and partnerships. Commercial Law is thus an amalgam of common law, statute and even equity. Historical Development Despite these difficulties of categorisation the existence of a body of law controlling mercantile life has been recognised since medieval times when special courts existed for the purpose of dealing expeditiously with trade disputes. In the eighteenth century Lord Mansfield held sittings in the Guildhall in the City of London to hear commercial cases assisted by special panels of merchant jurymen to provide commercial expertise. When these sittings were discontinued the parties were forced back into the common law courts which proved unpopular due to procedural delays and the fact that the judges were often not conversant with the needs of the commercial community. Accordingly, in 1892, the Council of Judges recommended that there should be a special court to hear commercial cases and this led to the introduction in 1895 of a special commercial list in the Queen’s Bench Division. In 1970, a special Commercial Court was established but this remains part of that division. Court Structure and Jurisdiction The Commercial Court is subject to the Civil Procedure Rules. Part 49 and the associated Practice Direction provides that the court has jurisdiction in: â€Å"any case arising out of trade and commerce in general including any case relating to†: A business document or contract; The export or import of goods; The carriage of goods by land, sea, air or pipeline; The exploitation of oil and gas resources; Insurance and reinsurance; Banking and financial services; The operation of markets and exchanges; Business agency; and Arbitration. The remit of the court therefore also represents a succinct statement of the type of disputes which might be regarded as â€Å"commercial† notwithstanding the vagueness of this term. However, it should be noted that the county court has unlimited jurisdiction in claims in contract and tort and it is mandatory for claims worth less than  £15,000 to be commenced there. Thus a high volume of â€Å"commercial† law is administered by this court with the more valuable or complex being dealt with by the Queen‘s Bench Division of the High Court. The Chancery Division (the role of which in this regard can be summarised by its dealing with cases concerning companies and insolvency) will therefore also hear commercial matters. Finally, it should be noted that in addition to the Commercial Court, there is also a specially constituted Companies Court. The rationale behind the establishment of these fora is to allow the speedy resolution of commercial disputes by a body with expertise in and sympathy for the unique needs of those involved in commercial enterprise. Thus the scope and extent of commercial law is vast and full description is impossible within the scope of this submission. Nonetheless, it is proposed to examine certain key elements of the corpus of commercial law which characterise its principles and demonstrate its operation in practice. Sale of Goods This is a species of the law of contract which has long existed and been regulated by common law principles. Contracts have been defined[2] as â€Å"legally enforceable agreements which represent a vehicle for planned exchanges†. Contracts for the sale of goods are therefore subject to contract law principles but it should not be forgotten that they are increasingly controlled by specific statutory provisions. Thus all contracts for the supply of goods now contain terms which are implied by statute and prescribe that they must be of a stipulated quality. The Sale of Goods Act 1979 (as amended by the Sale and Supply of Goods Act 1994) imposes a number of requirements: s.12: that the seller should have the right to sell the goods, that the goods should be free from encumbrances and that the buyer should enjoy quiet possession of them; s.13: that where the goods are sold by description, they should corespond with that description; s.14(2): that the goods should be of satisfactory quality; s.14(3): that the goods should be fit for the buyer’s purpose; s.15: that where the goods are sold by sample, they should correspond with that sample. Of the above, the implied term as to satisfactory quality is one of the most frequently litigated. The word â€Å"satisfactory† replaced (by the 1994) the use of the historic term â€Å"merchantable† in relation to quality and continues a long pedigree of such a requirement in English law. Decisions in the 19th Century demonstrate a recognition by the law of the commercial expectations of a purchaser. In Gardiner v Gray[3], Lord Ellenborough observed somewhat bluntly: â€Å"The purchaser cannot be expected to buy goods to lay them on a dunghill†(!) While the concept of â€Å"merchantability† endured, it was not until 1973 that it was the subject of statutory definition. By then, the term had become somewhat outmoded with Lord Ormrod commenting in 1976[4]: â€Å"the word has fallen out of general use and largely lost its meaning, except to merchants and traders in some branches of commerce†. Nonetheless, it was not until 1994 that it was replaced by somewhat less arcane terminology. Another significant statutory intervention in the ability of parties to determine the contractual relationships between themselves relates to exemption clauses or unfair contract terms. The leading piece of legislation in this field is the Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977. Prior to its enactment, the courts interpreted attempts by parties to a contract to restrict or exclude their liability in the event of a breach of contract very strictly. The legislative code has now largely superseded this function. The common law lacked the ability simply to declare such a term unenforceable merely on the ground that it was unfair or unreasonable (see Photo Production Ltd v Securicor Transport Ltd[5]) hence the need for the sometimes strained interpretation of such clauses. In broad terms the 1977 Act applies a test of â€Å"reasonableness† to such clauses in commercial contracts. Not surprisingly, this concept and the interpretation of the term has been the subject of much litigation. The Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts Regulations 1999 extend certain aspects of the 1977 legislation. They were implemented as a result of a European Directive and apply to terms (other than â€Å"core† terms in consumer contracts. They are therefore different in certain critical aspects from the 1979 Act and a comparison of the respective effects of the two reveals anomalies. It is submitted that the original legislation should now be reviewed and redrawn in order to provide a unified and consistent framework. Manufacturers and Product Liability While the above legislation applies only in contract law, it should not be overlooked that there are certain commercial situations in which the law of tort can play a part supplying an additional or alternative remedy. The statutory implied terms described above may entitle the buyer to reject defective goods and, in any event, claim damages for the breach of contract. Because this law is based upon the contract, a problem arises as a result of the doctrine of privity of contract which enables only the parties to a contract to sue upon it. Accordingly, the law of tort began to develop remedies for situations in which loss or damage was caused by a breach but the breach was not actionable in contract at the behest of the party thus injured. In the classic case of Donoghue v Stevenson[6], the principle was established that in certain circumstances a manufacturer owes a duty of care to the end-user of his product. Thus where the product is defective and causes injury, the consumer may r ecover against the manufactuer in negligence notwithstanding that there is no direct contractual or other relationship between them concerning the supply of the product. Again driven by Europe, the UK passed the 1987 Consumer Protection Act in order further to regulate product liability. A claim may be brought under the Act by any person injured by a â€Å"defective product†. â€Å"Product† includes goods and even electricity. A product is defective for the purposes of the Act if its safety, including not only the risk of personal injury but also the risk of damage to other property is â€Å"not such as persons generally are entitled to expect†. It is submitted that this legislation is not only appropriate but necessary in the complex modern consumer society in which products are increasingly sophisticated and the relationship between manufacturer and end-user far more difficult to discern than would have been the case in the nineteenth century. Consumer Credit A very significant development in commercial law in the recent age has been in respect of the protection of customers in credit transactions. In Consumer Credit Deregulation, A Review by the Director General of Fair Trading[7] it was recognised that there was required â€Å"a strong level of protection in a market which for many centuries perhaps even since ancient times has been regarded by law makers as particularly sensitive. Buyer-seller interactions in credit markets are characterised by imbalances of information and bargaining strength between lenders and borrowers.† Accordingly, in the 1970’s, following the report of the Crowther Committee[8] the Consumer Credit Act 1974 was enacted. The Act applies to â€Å"regulated agreements† which are defined as â€Å"consumer credit agreements or consumer hire agreements†. Despite the emphasis on the word consumer, certain types of business credit transactions are controlled. Section 8 of the Act defines a c onsumer credit agreement as â€Å"a personal credit agreement by which the creditor provides the debtor with credit not exceeding [an amount varied by Statutory Instrument from time to time]. Section 189(1) defines an individual as â€Å"including a partnership or other unincorporated body of persons not consisting entirely of bodies corporate†. Thus many commercial business transactions (provided that they do not involve companies) are caught by the Act. The OFT Report referred to above proposed that all business credit transactions be removed from the scope of the Act but this suggestion was rejected. Conversely (and perhaps a little perversely) the present upper limit on such transactions of  £25,000 means that many genuine non-business consumers increasingly fall outside the safety net of the Act. The operation of this type of provision in the commercial sector again serves to illustrate the difficulty of classifying commercial law as a single discrete body of regulati on. The inclusion of chapters on consumer credit in most so-called commercial law textbooks plus the existence of an entirely separate body of work purporting to deal with â€Å"consumer law† is illustrative of this dilemma. Insurance The scope of commercial law extends into many other fields of human activity. On such example is insurance. This remains essentially commercial in nature and, in many instances, can be said to stem from the basic commercial dealings of the parties. If commercial law is regarded as being based upon transactions, insurance has developed as a means of protecting those transactions and the subject-matter thereof. The modern law of insurance has developed directly from the activities of merchants principally those involved in seafaring from Italy in the fourteenth century. Merchants reached agreements between themselves to insure their ships and cargo against the risk of travel by sea. This practice was adopted in the coffee houses of London and gave birth to Lloyds the principal insurance underwriter in the world. The insurance industry has been subject to statutory regulation since the Life Insurance Companies Act 1870. The current regime is regulated by the Financial Services and Marke ts Act 2000. Interestingly, in addition to such controls, contracts of insurance where appropriate also fall under the Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts Regulations 1999 discussed above. Banking Bradgate[9] places banking at the very heart of commercial law: â€Å"The banking system plays an essential part in commercial activity in a developed economy. The modern bank provides a wide range of services to both business and private customers. The provision of such services is itself an aspect of commerce†¦in addition, banks provide essential services which underpin all other commercial activity†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Banking activities in the UK have long been regulated by regulated by statute with important developments occurring in the Bills of Exchange Act 1882 and the Cheques Act 1957. International Trade Although this submission has focussed perforce upon UK domestic law, it would be erroneous to conclude without acknowledging the international element which represents so great a proportion of commercial activity and gives rise to a consequent need for regulation. In this regard a distinction should be drawn between two possible uses of the term â€Å"international trade law†. First, it is used to describe the law controlling the relationships between the parties involved in international trade transactions. Second, it may describe the body of rules which govern relationships between states and regulate the use between states of devices such as tariffs to control imports which are subject to such international treaties as the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. Works on commercial law habitually focus upon the English law applicable to international transactions. A great many contracts used in such international transactions contain a standard clause requiring the contract to be governed by English Law with the result that the Commercial Court in London is frequently called upon to adjudicate upon agreements that have been made between one or more parties located outside the jurisdiction. The UK is a party to the Hague Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods which is given effect in English law by the Uniform Law on International Sales Act 1967. That Act is applicable to contracts where the contract itself stipulates that it should apply. In practice, few contracts take the opportunity to do so with the result that international sales contracts which are governed by English law fall to be determined according to the principles of the Sale of Goods Act 1979 thus returning us to the outset of this discussion. Conclusion Thus the scope and extent of the law which might be grouped under the heading of â€Å"commercial† is seen to be vast in reach and divers in type. Detailed description is therefore beyond the limit of a submission of this length. However, an examination of the broad cross section of topics discussed above reveals an enduring theme. In all aspects of commercial law the focus is upon transactions. Some commercial law such as the sale of goods legislation regulates such transactions directly. Other areas such as the law relating to banking and insurance concern the mechanisms that are necessarily ancillary to such transactions. Others again, such as product liability, stem from the consequences of transactions even where the party seeking to avail himself of the law was not a direct participant in such a transaction. Bibliography Bradgate, Commercial Law, (3rd Ed., 2000) Goode, Commercial Law (2nd Ed., 1995) Poole, Textbook on Contract Law (7th Ed., 2004) Treitel, The Law of Contract (11th Ed., 2003) www.hmso.gov.uk Lexis/Nexis Westlaw 1 Footnotes [1] Commercial Law (2nd Ed., 1995), p.1205 [2] Poole, J., Textbook on Contract Law, (7th Ed., 2004), p.1 [3] (1815) 4 Camp 144 [4] Cehave NV v Bremer Handelgesellschaft mbH [1976] QB 44 @ p.80 [5] [1980] AC 827 [6] [1937] AC 562 [7] OFT (1994), para.1.8 [8] Report of the Committee on Consumer Credit (1971) Cmd 4596 [9] Commercial Law, (3rd Ed., 2000)

Streptococcus Pyogenes Overview

Streptococcus Pyogenes Overview The beta-hemolytic bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes formally belongs to the family Streptococcaceae, where it is known to be the most pathogenic bacterium out of its entire genus because of the wide spectrum of diseases it is known to cause. However, Streptococcus pyogenes is a ubiquitous, facultative anaerobic bacterium that can be located in the nasal passageways of some healthy individuals due to its ideal environment for microbes. It is a gram positive bacteria that is classified as a group A Streptococci (GAS) that is unique in its ability to cause a wide range of different onsets of illness in its host such as tonsillitis, scarlet fever, cellulitis, erysipelas post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, necrotizing fasciitis, myonecrosis and lymphangitis. The name Streptococcus is a derivative from the Greek word Streptos meaning easily twisted or to bend and likewise to pyogenes which is a derivative from the word pyogenic, which is a classification for Streptococci that are compat ible with pus formation. Humans are the common reservoir for Streptococcus pyogenes which is capable of causing an array of different symptoms depending on the direct illness it is inflicting on its host. However, it is commonly known for being the culprit behind Streptococcal pharyngitis (Strep throat), where it can cause a mild to severe sore throat accompanied with a fever, tender/swollen lymph nodes and irritated tonsils. It is highly successful in its fast commute from one person to the next. The transmission can be as simple and innocent as the swap of nasal or throat secretions via airborne droplets or from sharing contaminated food and drinks. Strep throat shows no discrimination in the ages it infects. Although, it tends to be more prevalent in young children. Even though Strep throat is highly contagious it is typically a short lived illness that is easily treated by health care providers with the proper course of anti-biotics. If left untreated or mistreated complications such as rheumatic fever c an arise, which is the bodys over driven immune response to the infection. On the other end of the spectrum Streptococcus pyogenes can cause a more detrimental onset of symptoms with the disease known as Necrotizing Fasciitis (The flesh eating disease). Necrotizing Fasciitis is a rare inflammatory infection that promptly targets the fascia and subcutaneous tissues leaving painful blisters and redness on the surface of the infected areas of skin. The symptoms commonly associated with this disease range from flu-like symptoms, the presence of boil-like blisters, discoloration, infrequent urination and significant swelling of the infected area. It is generally spread through direct contact with open or infected wounds on individuals. Unlike Strep throat, Necrotizing Fasciitis is not as commonly seen or as easily treated. It has a high mortality rate, with 1 out of 4 infected people dying from it. ( SITE). However, healthy individuals who practice proper daily hygiene typically dont hav e to worry about becoming infected with Necrotizing Fasciitis. People who are at a greater risk include those who have had recent surgery, a compromised immune system , abrasions on the skin, diabetes, cancer, have had previous surgery etc. Streptococcus pyogenes is a non-sporing bacterium that is non-motile in nature and can be observed in chains and clumps of cocci that are less than 2  µm in length, producing impressive sized colonies greater than 0.5 mm. There are several different unique M serotypes that contribute to the different diseases caused by Streptococcus pyogenes. Some of strains of M serotypes include Streptolysin O, Streptolysin S, Streptodornase, Streptococcal chemokine protease, Hyaluronidase, Streptokinase, etc. Streptolysin O is a toxin that works on the cell membranes permeability in order to allow for more adequate uptake of larger charged molecules. Streptolysis S†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Clinical Significance. Streptococcus Pyogenes is self- equipped with many virulence factors that are highly advantageous in its evasion of the hosts immune response in order to make it every bit of possible to establish a productive infection within its host. Initially lipoteichoic aid (LTA) allow for the bacteria to establish an adhering relationship between the cellular surface or mucosa of epithelial cells.(depending on the area of attachment). Protein F (Fibronectin binding protein) comes in and acts as a strong binding reinforcer between the bacteria and its surface of chosen attachment. However, all the while if the bacterium entered through the mouth it may be encountered with secretory IgA antibody in the saliva trying to counter the effects of the antigens on its surfaces to loosen the bacterium. The successful bacterium than quickly begin replicating and colonizing the appealing greater surface area on the tonsils, causing swollen lymph glands and tissue damage as the bacte rium produces compounds like Hyaluronidase to degrade the mammalian cells. The secretions of bradykinins and chemokines result due to the hosts tissue damage which initiate the process of inflammation. The increase of inflammation as well as the rapid ongoing bacterium replication results in the sequence of many immune cells, specifically being neutrophils, macrophages, T-cells, B-cells and dendritic cells. The swollen glands are a direct result of the T -cells increasingly occupying the tonsils while the appearance of yellow pus in the back of the throat is result of the demise of neutrophils. The M protein along with an outer hyaluronic acid capsule aid the bacteria in resisting phagocytosis. All the while pyogenes has established mechanisms to counter specific responses of the host immune response such as T-cell proliferation, counter against neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), degradation of IgG,etc.

Essay on Setting in Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening :: Stopping Woods Snowy Evening

Importance of Setting in Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening The season is winter, the time is night, but, . . .the scene, we are reminded four times over, is a wood. Woods, especially when as here they are "lovely, dark and deep," are much more seductive to Frost than is an open field. In fact, the woods are not merely "lovely, dark, and deep." Rather, as Frost states it, they are "lovely, [i.e.] dark and deep"; the loveliness thereby partakes of the depth and darkness which make the woods so ominous. The recognition of the power of nature, especially of snow, to obliterate the limits and boundaries of things and of his own being is, in large part, a function here of some furtive impulse toward extinction, an impulse no more predominate in Frost than it is in nature. It is in him, nonetheless, anxious to be acknowledged, and it significantly qualifies any tendency he might have to become a poet whose descriptive powers, however botanically or otherwise accurate, would be used to deny the mysterious blurrings of time and place which occur w henever he finds himself somehow participating in the inhuman transformations of the natural world. That need is in many ways the subject of "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening." As its opening words suggest--"Whose woods these are I think I know"--it is a poem concerned with ownership and also with someone who cannot be or does not choose to be very emphatic even about owning himself. He does not want or expect to be seen. And his reason, aside from being on someone else's property, is that it would apparently be out of character for him to be there, communing alone with a woods fast filling up with snow. He is, after all, a man of business who has promised his time, his future to other people. It would appear that he is not only a scheduled man but a fairly convivial one. He knows who owns which parcels of land, or thinks he does, and his language has a sort of pleasant neighborliness, as in the phrase "stopping by." It is no wonder that his little horse would think his actions "queer" or that he would let the horse, instead of himself, take responsibility for the j udgment. He is in danger of losing himself; and his language by the end of the third stanza begins to carry hints of a seductive luxuriousness unlike anything preceding it--"Easy wind and downy flake .

Human Cloning - Up to the Individual :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics

Human Cloning - Up to the Individual To consider the cloning of another human being forces me to question the very concepts of right and wrong that make us all human. Until the birth of Dolly the sheep, the first mammal to be successfully cloned, it was thought that the ability to clone an adult human was impossible or would only be possible somewhere in the distant future! But that has all changed with the birth of Dolly and the explosion of advances in the field of Embryology and genetic screening. These advances are leading the way forward for the cloning of an adult human, which brings up many new ethical and complicated questions that I feel must be addressed by the scientific community and the public, before these advances can reach there full potential. As with any scientific or technological advance, it brings around questions that I feel must be answered: Do the pros out weight the advantages, and more importantly; is it right? Will Human Cloning become a brave new step in fighting disease and improving the quality of life, or will it lead to dehumanisation and a new genetic underclass? People say and strongly believe that biologists are cloning human embryos only to see how far they can push the scientific barriers. However not all things are corrupt, I believe, as do the leaders of Great Britain, that it is possible that the reasons behind Human Cloning, Embryology and genetic screening may be legitimate. Cloning could help improve the life of future generations. Although I still prefer the idea of these scientists spending all this money and their effort on finding a cure for a disease that has or will affect many of us in one way or another: cancer! I still keep an open mind about this subject as most of the embryologists and biologist's claim that they are doing this as they feel that they have a duty to the improvement of our society, or even perhaps a moral obligation. To this end the techniques have been offered to society as an option for the improvement of humanity. The human race is in the early stages of defining human cloning and what it means. The huma n race is defining it as a science as opposed to an art or religion, specifically a kind of science that is called Biotechnology. Biotechnology is the study into the design and manufacture of the human body.

Project Management Essay -- Business and Management Studies

Project Management Project management is an essential part of the work environment and its purpose within business, academic backgrounds and research are crucial to the development of solutions and products that enable a company to be successful. The idea of project management is quite simple; a group of people are detached from the company and given a goal to focus their efforts on. The size of the group is entirely dependant on the size of the company. When looking to put together a project management team, there are two key factors that many, if not all, companies take into consideration; the skills that each individual possess in the team and whether these skills can be utilised in such a way to achieve their goal in a team environment. Each company requires different qualities that a successful applicant for Project Manager should fulfil. While trying to find a job in the summer, I came across a job posting for a Software Project Manager for a small team. Some of the required attributes that a candidate should possess are as follows: â€Å"A desire to motivate, share knowledge and provide for continuous learning†¦excellent communication skill†¦ Must be able to enthuse and engage at all levels of business†¦Develop findings and recommend solutions to customers as applicable. A good â€Å"all-rounder†.†1 Since many large companies and organisations no longer just restrict their services to their domestic customers, another key requirement for a Project Manager seems to be the ability to contribute in an international market. For example, in the current business world, there are very few companies and organisations that will limit their research only to Japan, for instance. As a result, the openings for project managers seem mainly to be located in the European countries such as France, Germany and the UK. Thus having a position in a project management firm is not only a lasting responsibility to national business and research but it is also an international commitment. Project management also varies in accordance with the size of the companies that it is carrying out its work for. In a small business, the project management team may be assigned projects of a local nature where their performance will be assessed on a small scale. For example, if the team was to make a project management plan for a small local company, the c... ... two sectors are managed separately, so in a way it can been seen as a type of project management since both sectors are detached form each and come together when a new product is being made. Within these two sectors, there are many different projects being undertaken in order to make its products better. Measuring the performance of these two sectors is done by looking at their yearly revenue and seeing how it changes, i.e. does it go up, down or fluctuates. Another way to measure the success of project management within Monsanto is to see how well the new product is received by the public by doing a type of census that will allow Monsanto to attain data that will help them to see where they have gone wrong so that they can improve their services in the future. References Websites - www.monster.co.uk - www.tenstep.com - www.pmtoday.co.uk - www.projectmanagement.com - www.financial-conferences.com - www.monsanto.com Books - Project management for Dummies – Stanley Portney - The Art of Project Management – Scott Berkun - The Practice of Project Management; A Guide to the Business-Focused Approach – Enzo Frigenti and Dennis Comninos

Filipino People and Hardworking Filipinos Essay

Negritos – Negritos represent a resourceful and hardworking Filipinos because in their time, hardwork and patience is the core of surviving in the wild. Indonesians – Their greatest influence is agriculture. Because of agriculture, Filipinos learned to till the land and that is one of the major sources of Philippine Products today. Malays – Their greatest influence is that they’ve introduced a more advance way of living. Barangay Early Philippine Civilization and Subsequent Changes. -What I’ve learned in this topic is that this early type of Philippines civilization helps in the management of the early society that results to more cooperative and systematic community. Spanish Occupation An important impact of Spanish rule in the Philippines is the creation of a mestizo culture with entrenched landed interests and a highly skewed land distribution. The Spaniards made the local datus head of the barangays, who eventually acquired large landholdings. Spanish Occupation – One of the greatest achievements of Spanish Authorities is the centralized and organized government. They also preserve the traditional authority of local leaders that helps in governing the least manageable units of the society. It is good in the side of the Spanish because it is their efficient way of collecting tax and managing the Filipinos. For me the way they want to organized the government is one of their greatest achievement because it helped in the organization of better governance. Other Political Organization Negritos – This is one of the earliest political organization wherein the leadership is vested on the elder men Kalinga – The leadership is vested on the stronger people who has the power to influence people. Benguet Village – composed of formal legal Political structure and the traditional authority. Muslim – One of the greatest political organizations because their government structure is more organized because there are branches of the community that govern every single segment in the society. Political System Encomienda System – Encomienda system has good and bad effects in our country. Because of this system, Filipinos were forced to pay taxes to the Spanish. One of the good effect is that it civilized those Filipinos in the far away places. Other good effect is to protect the inhabitants and maintain peace and order. But this system is abused by higher Spanish officials because they collect too much tax and products from the Filipino people. Central and Local Governance -This government structure is one of way for the Spanish to control over the Philippines. Katipunan This serves as an eye opener for the Filipino citizens to fight for independence and Filipinos were unified.. Because of this, Filipinos were more conscious of what the Spaniards are doing to them. The goal of this movement is to separate the Philippines from Spain, and this is good for the Filipinos because that time Spanish are very cruel to them. But because the organization is discovered by the Spaniards this movement did not materialized. The Pact of Biak na Bato One of the learning of this topic is that Filipinos try other means for their independence. Even though this movement is not successful, this event causes for Filipinos to rely on the Americans. The Philippines Under The American Colonial Rule American Occupation in the Philippines is the best and most important occupation here in the Philippines. One of the greatest influences of the Americans is the organization of school systems in the country. Another is the equalization of women in the society. Americans’ actions in establishing the first formal education in the Philippines was something to which we should be thankful for. We were given the chance to be educated. And since the medium of instruction in public schools were in English, Filipinos were given the chance to learn the language of our occupants: Americans, the chance to learn the universal language. Here, Filipinos were very willing to learn and were glad that they were given the chance. Japanese Occupation Japanese occupation cause severe destruction during the Philippines because they’ve abolished government structures and abuse many Filipinos and Americans. One of the evidence is the Death March. They also established Pro-japanese militants, all of them are Filipinos and these groups were used by the Japanes to spy on the Filipino Activities. Filipinos has not much enthusiasm in returning to school first because the Filipinos as a whole were suspicious of the Japanese intension and second, children focused on helping their parents tide over the difficult times. Even though the Japanese allowed continuing using English as the medium of instruction in teaching.

Mass Communications Essay

Communication has developed and still continues to develop. Over the centuries, many forms of communication have developed that have made the transmission of messages among people faster and more efficient. These include the radio, television, the print media as well as telephones. With technology and globalization improving at a fast rate, certain factors have influenced the way these different channels of communication operate in ensuring their audiences are satisfied with the services they offer and also the media houses make profits. Some of the trends affecting the delivery of content are: convergence, increasing audience control, and media mobility. The focus of this essay is to analyze the impact and relevance of convergence, increasing audience control and media convergence on Radio. Radio is a means of communicating by using electromagnetic waves or frequencies to detect signals and transform them to sound and its history of radio can be dated back in the late 19th century. Back then, the radio was a simple device whose usefulness was seen during the wars and battles as it was used to send telegraphic messages to people fighting in far places. Since then, radio has developed and is used for other purposes such as educating, advertising, relying information and entertaining people. In addition, it has created a livelihood for many people who depend on it. ? Convergence Convergence refers to the way in which various communication systems are linked so as to foster faster and better ways or relaying information. Basically, it is the merging of technologies. In media, convergence is the linking of technology with media content as well as the communication networks. As technological improvements continue to advance as each day passes, people in the radio business have embraced the changes and have become better. Radios initially used to be big equipments; but they have been modified and transformed such that they can be small as the size if a pen. Convergence nowadays is seen by how the internet has linked up with radio such that people from any corner of the world can listen to different radio stations in other countries. Before the internet came to use in 1969, people could only listen to radio stations within their regions. â€Å"The arrival of new digital communication technologies have facilitated the delivery of digital signals through various platforms and improved audio visual quality (Chan-Olmsted, 2006). † With the advancements in digital technology and the internet, people can now choose on what they would like to listen and from anywhere. Internet has enabled people to listen to music online, download and upload whatever they like. Moreover, it has generated new experiences both socially and business wise such that people from different regions meet and interact and businesses can advertise their products to more people thus expanding their markets. Convergence is also being enhanced in radio in through pod casting such that individuals can download their favorite programs on MP3 players. The disadvantages that come with convergence is that mobiles such as the iphone and the internet are taking over the functions of the radio networks are slowly being eroded away. For radio stations to be able to tap on the convergence advantages , they need to have experts working for them that is the employees, employers as well as the private consultants who advice them. This will be good because they will always be keen and updated on what is happening so that they know whish areas need to be improved on or the ways in which technology will be incorporated into the system. Moreover, professional consultants will advice them on what competitors are doing so that the can also try similar strategies. ? Increasing audience control Nowadays, the audience especially the younger generation that is technologically more advanced and conversant with how things work influences the activities of radio stations. This is because what they listen to, read or watch determines there preferences. â€Å"Although they have a variety of things to choose from, they are influencing time, prices and the portability of media use (Chan-Olmsted, 2006). † These preferences make them request or demand for programs they like and even suggest for what things they would like to see. Since the audience is means everything to the radio owners, they are forced to give in to their customers requests. This has enabled radio stations to benefit from the customers ideas as they always work on improving their services and retain their audiences. The shortcomings of audience control is that media houses need to change the way they operate so as to meet the demands of customers and at the same time offer quality services. In doing so, they will have to invest on the latest machinery and technologies and sometimes they have to overstretch their budgets to do away with the pressure or sometimes they do not have the funds hence they risk losing their audience. ’ Media houses have to contemplate on how to internalize new technology and be responsive to the new media audience. Another disadvantage is that the audience once they do not get what they want, they will opt to down load things on the internet or shift to their competitors. ? Media Mobility Media mobility refers to the ease with which the technologies in communication can be accommodated and enhanced so as to diversify the uses of the radio. The radio while being serving as a communication channel also links technologies with customers, markets and technology. â€Å"The globalization of mobility directly involves the way in which service integration and network integration relate to one another (Hardy, Malleus & Mereur, 2002). †Mobility can be seen in the way the radio is incorporated with various devices making it more portable and more flexible thus increasing the rate of acceptance. Most mobile phones nowadays have evolved and have radios. This was mainly a marketing strategy used by the mobile companies to attract the younger generation and we can say that it has helped in expanding the usage of telephone. Furthermore, some DVDs especially home theaters and televisions have been modified to perform many functions and the radio is one of them. The usage of radio has expanded to accommodate many things and people are always eager to know what will come next. All these coupled by various enhancements such as the ear pieces have made radio more attractive. The disadvantages that come with incorporating all these new things is that the focus shifts from the radio to the other devices as it is being used to complement the other functions of the device. In addition, the costs of certain software and hardware is high therefore this limits research at times especially now when the global economy and markets are not doing well. To tap on the advantages, radio companies will need to be regularly updated on new technologies as well as invest in training and educating their staff so that they become better at what they do as well as find better marketing strategies. In addition, radio companies need to budget properly so that they have enough funds to run their businesses as well as accommodate new strategies that are beneficial to the business. Conclusion These factors have greatly impacted the things we purchase and what we listen to. Moreover, they influenced and enabled businesses to develop and grow as they do their advertisements, promotions and marketing strategies using it. I as well as other Americans have been exposed to a variety of products thus making it easier to purchase commodities especially those manufactured in far off areas. We therefore need to support the work done by researchers as well as radio stations so as to benefit through things like media mobility which link the old and new systems. References Chan-Olmsted, S. M. (2006), Competitive Strategy for Media Firms: Strategic and Brand Management in Changing Media Markets. Routledge, p. 204 Hardy, D. , Malleus, G. & Mereur. J. N. (2002). Networks: Internet, Telephony, Multimedia: Convergences and Complementarities. Translated by Michael Byrne,De Boeck Universite

Capital Market Essay

~ Capital market is the market for leading and borrowing of medium and long term funds. ~ The demand for long-term funds comes from industry, trade, agriculture and government (central and state). ~ The supply for funds comes from individual savers, corporate savings, banks, insurance companies, specialized financial institutions and government. *SIGNIFICANCE: ~ A sound and efficient capital market is extremely vital for the economic development of a nation. ~ So, the significance of capital market has increased. ~ The following points clearly bring out the role and significance of capital market in India. i)CAPITAL FORMATION: ~ Capital market encourages capital formation as it ensures speedy economic development. The process of capital formation includes collection of saving effective mobilisation of these savings for productive investment. ~ Thus three distinctive inter-related activities i.e. collection of savings, mobilisation of savings and investment lead to capital formation in the country. ~ The volume of capital formation depend s on the efficiency and intensity with which these activities are carried on. ii) ECONOMIC GROWTH: ~ Capital market plays a vital role in the growth and development of an economy by channelising funds in developmental and productive investments. ~ The financial intermediaries channel funds into those investments that are more important for economic development. iii) INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT: ~ Capital market promotes industrial development and motivates industrial entrepreneurship. ~ It provides cheap, adequate and diversified funds for industrial purposes such as expansion, modernisation, technological upgradation, establishment of new units, etc. ~ It also provides services like provision of underwriting facilities, participation in equity capital, credit-rating, consultancy services, etc. vi) MODERNISATION AND REHABILITATION OF INDUSTRIES: ~ Capital markets also contribute towards modernisation and rehabilitation of industries. ~ Developmental financial institutions like IDBI, IFCI, ICICI, etc provide finance to industries to adopt modern techniques and new upgraded machinery. ~ They also participate in the equity capital of industries. v) RIVIVAL OF SICK UNITS: ~ Commercial and financial institutions provide adequate funds to viable sick unit to overcome their industrial sickness. ~ Bank and FIs may also write off a part of the loan or re-schedule the loan to offer payment flexibility to weak units. vi) TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE: ~ The financial intermediaries in the capital market stimulate industrial entrepreneurship by providing technical and advisory services like preparation of feasibility reports, identifying growth potential, and training entrepreneurs in project management. ~ This promotes industrial investment and leads to economic development. vii) DEVELOPMENT OF BACKWARD AREAS: ~ Capital markets provide funds for projects in backward area and facilitate their economic development. ~ Long-term funds are also provided for development projects in backward / rural areas. viii) EMPLOYMENT GENERATION: ~ Capital markets provide Direct Employment in capital market related activities like stock markets, banks and financial institutions. ~ Indirect Employment is provided in all the sectors of the economy through various funds disbursed for developmental projects. ix) FOREIGN CAPITAL: ~ Capital markets make it possible to generate foreign capital by enabling Indian firms to raise capital from overseas market through bonds and other securities. ~ Such foreign exchange funds have a great impact on the economic development of the nation. ~ Moreover, foreign direct investments (FDIs) also bring in foreign capital as well as foreign technology that leads to greater economic development. x) DEVELOPMENT OF STOCK MARKETS: ~ Capital markets lead to development of stock markets by encouraging investors to invest in shares and debentures and to trade in stocks. ~ FIIs are also allowed to deal in Indian stock exchange. xi) FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS: ~ Financial institutions play a major role in capital markets. ~ They provide medium / long term loan to industrial and other sectors and also undertake project feasibility studies and surveys. ~ They refinance commercial banks and rediscount their bills of exchange. ~ They provide merchant banking services. ~ They subscribe to equity capital of the firms. xii) INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITY: ~ Capital markets provide various alternative sources of investment to the people. ~ People can invest in shares and debentures of public companies and earn good returns. xiii) INVESTMENT IN INDUSTRIAL SECURITIES: ~ Secondary market in securities encourage investors to invest in industrial securities by providing facilities for continuous, regular and ready buying and selling of these securities. ~ This facilitates industries to raise substantial funds from various sectors of the economy. xiv) RELIABLE GUIDE TO PERFORMANCE: ~ Capital market serves as a reliable guide to the performance of corporate institutions. ~ It values companies accurately and thus promotes efficiency. ~ This leads to efficient resource allocation and economic development. *CONCLUSION: ~ Thus we can say that capital markets play a crucial role in the economic development of a nation. ~ A sound and efficient capital market is one of the most instrumental factors in the development of a nation.

Hard Times and Utilitarianism Essay

â€Å"NOW, what I want is, Facts†, and so starts Charles Dickens novel Hard Times which first appeared as a serial publication in 1854. Dickens regularly took inspiration from the prevailing conditions as topics of his writings and proceeds to make social commentaries through his brand of creative fiction. Examples of these are Oliver Twist (Dickens, 1837) and Bleak House (Dickens, 1952). Hard Times was similarly inspired. The novel is mainly a critic of Utilitarianism, the dominant philosophy at the time the novel was written. As Geoffrey Scarre (1996) stated in his book entitled Utilitarianism, â€Å"The eighteenth century was the green youth of utilitarianism, as the nineteenth was its prime† (p. 49). The term utilitarianism was first coined by Jeremy Bentham in 1781 (Bailey, 1997, p. 3). His ideas were much derided even then and at the House of Commons at that when Lord Brougham dismissing Bentham as, â€Å"’having dealt more with books than with men† (Mack, 1963, p. 2). Yet, despite his seeming notoriety the Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834 was passed which defined and classified the poor and outlined how should be handled. â€Å"The Act was and is seen as more or less Benthamite† as concluded by Peter Stokes (2001) in his article entitled Bentham, Dickens and the Uses of the Workhouse (p. 711). It was against this Act that Dickens created Oliver Twist. Dickens’ continues his propaganda against such philosophy with Hard Times. While personifying the basic tenets of utilitarianism in his book, he is, on the other hand, equally condemning it in the same breath. This is already evident as you read the second paragraph where he strips his purported hero of facts of any semblance of respect when he describes the character that is Thomas Gradgrind rather comically with his hair and head as â€Å"a plantation of firs to keep the wind from its shining surface, all covered with knobs, like the crust of a plum pie† (Dickens, 2007, p. 10). This is a deliberate ploy to set an image in the reader’s mind which can effectively cloud anything the character will expound upon even if it may lean towards the rational and acceptable. Dickens’ use of various figures of speech is also ironic as it runs contrary to the basic tenets his character is espousing. This form of mockery can be seen all throughout the novel up until the end when Gradgrind sees the lights and begins â€Å"making his facts and figures subservient to Faith, Hope, and Charity†(Dickens, 2007, p. 387). What is it about utilitarianism that Dickens’ seems to be vehemently opposed to? Several of its principles were taken up in the book. Dickens took a one-sided approach and presented it on an extreme scale and argued against it. We will explore how these were countered by Dickens by using excerpts from the book. In Bentham’s (1996) An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation he declared that â€Å"An action then may be said to be conformable to the principle of utility . . . when the tendency it has to augment the happiness of the community is greater than any it has to diminish it† (p. 12-13). Simply, put, as long as the number of people who are happy is greater that those who are not happy, then all is well. However, this main concept was methodically censured by Dickens by using examples that touched heavily on human interest which therefore, from the perspective of the humane, such reasoning would not be justified at all. A question on prosperity was posed to girl number twenty to which she replied: I thought I couldn’t know whether it was a prosperous nation or not, and whether I was in a thriving state or not, unless I knew who had got the money, and whether any of it was mine. But that had nothing to do with it. (Dickens, 2007, p. 82) With this illustration, it is maintained that the individual good should not be relegated to any mathematical computations. The point was further driven home with the next example. And he said, This schoolroom is an immense town, and in it there are a million of inhabitants, and only five-and-twenty are starved to death in the streets, in the course of a year. What is your remark on that proportion? And my remark was – for I couldn’t think of a better one – that I thought it must be just as hard upon those who were starved, whether the others were a million, or a million million. And that was wrong, too. (Dickens, 2007, p. 82) It is thus contended that such principle cannot and should never be adapted in the formulation of policies and the establishment of institutions when it comes to people’s well-being as we are more than mere data and statistics. This, however, is not the case in Coketown. Coketown is the community where the all the main characters worked and dwelled, survived and tarried about. This was where the major events occurred. Since it has already been established early on that following the tenets of fact can not lead to anything fanciful, it is not surprising that Coketown was depicted to be very spartan and has retained only â€Å"what was severely workful† (Dickens, 2007, p. 37). It is an industrial town that is generally void of lively entertainment and distractions if one can see through the smoke with the textile plant as the main source of income and employment for the â€Å"Hands†, a rather curt label to its workers as if there are no living and feeling beings attached to those appendages. Coketown, as John R. Harrison (2000) described it in his essay, â€Å"represents the domination of an inhuman, utilitarian, industrial ethos† (p. 115). Yet, Coketown can be viewed as the reality of fact. It embodies the concrete representation of the theories of utilitarianism which further belies its effectivity on a community that lives to live and not just survive. Within the town, there is the school run by schoolmasters who share Gradgrind’s methods and beliefs. It can be gathered that they have great memorization skills and would most likely be able to rattle off any observable characteristics of any person, place or thing. The teaching is so rigid that there is simply no place for any sort of creativity. There is just black and white. â€Å"Murdering the Innocents† indeed as the chapter is aptly called. That in itself plainly shows Dickens’ disapproval of such a stiff approach in education where minds are dictated to rather than molded. A further commentary on the misleadingly laudable wealth of knowledge was given, â€Å"If he had only learnt a little less, how infinitely better he might have taught much more! † (Dickens, 2007, p. 18). Another argument against utilitarianism is its apparent support of inequality while still following the happiness principle of the greater good. Utilitarianism claims that a relevant reason for tolerating inequalities is a gain in efficiency; that is, we should be prepared to tolerate the fact that some persons’ lives go less well than others if some aggregate of personal good is greater. (Bailey, 1997, p. 10) This principle is personified in the book by Josiah Bounderby, owner of the textile mill, owner of the bank, owner of the loudest mouth in Coketown. How he came about his wealth was not detailed in his narration of his rags-to-riches story. However, he is not one who attracts admiration and awe for his accomplishments. On the contrary, he is morally ruined by choosing only what he deems to be advantageous to him. He fully appreciates what he has with no regard to level off the disparity. Instead, he maintains and continues to attempt to raise his status even more by denigrating the lives of others. It was a fundamental principle of the Gradgrind philosophy that everything was to be paid for. Nobody was ever on any account to give anybody anything, or render anybody help without purchase. Gratitude was to be abolished, and the virtues springing from it were not to be. Every inch of the existence of mankind, from birth to death, was to be a bargain across a counter. And if we didn’t get to Heaven that way, it was not a politico-economical place, and we had no business there. (Dickens, 2007, p. 375) Dickens demonstrates here that the greater good is subject to a lot of interpretations and it is normally self-serving in that the one who seems to be higher on the scale will never relinquish his power to those who had now been branded as the lesser good. However, the tentacles of the stick-to-the-facts approach did not stop within the boundaries of the town. It must be noted that Gradgrind was being aided by a government official during his discourse with the students in the first chapter who more than willingly shared his beliefs and even went on to imply that these teachings must be applied at all times, at every opportunity and in every aspect of one’s life even at something as mundane as papering your walls or carpeting your floors. Do not do anything that is contrary to reality. There is no form merely function. What is all the more alarming is that Gradgrind was later made a Member of Parliament, â€Å"one of the representatives of the multiplication table, one of the deaf honourable gentlemen, dumb honourable gentlemen. . . â€Å" (Dickens, 2007, p. 127). Dickens makes it known that despite the fallacies and inhumane improbabilities of the radical teachings of utilitarianism, it can still muster followers and influence policies. Therefore, Dickens continues with more events and inevitable results and consequences in his book to trample any other doubt remaining as regards unyielding adherence to facts. One thing that can be said about living things is that their behavior can never be predicted. Take, for example, the white tiger which mauled the magician Roy Horn in spite of it being with them for several years without any incident. More so with people whose thinking processes are more complex. One cannot take a general rule and expect that all will react and comply with it unvaryingly. Current studies have now shown that â€Å"all aspects of personality are fundamentally unique and idiosyncratic to each individual† (Deary, 2003, p. 6). Despite lack of any scientific proof, Dickens’ had already concluded that even individuals who practically grew up living, studying, acting out a way of life are merely suppressing their true nature and would inevitably fight back one way or the other. With these, let us now take a look at Tom, the whelp and Louisa. Tom and Louisa first made their appearance in the book in Chapter III aptly entitled The Loophole. The â€Å"eminently practical father† was basking in his conviction that his children were the models of factual upbringing when he came upon his two eldest children one peeping through a hole in the wall and other peeping through the crack underneath the wall. It could be imagined that time came to a stop with all three just looking at each other with incredulous expressions on their faces. It was bound to happen that children’s innate curiosity will get the better of them and explore realms outside their scope. The rule of thumb is when met with rules, immediately find ways to go around it; look for loophole. There were already indications of deviations from the inflexible path provided them. The mere fact that Louisa has began to wonder even if she was chastised to â€Å"never wonder† (Dickens, 2007, p. 71). There is no room for sentimentality or â€Å"fancy†, if you will, and is simply not allowed for the logical reason that it is e not concrete. It is not based on the real. It has no parts that can be broken down and studied. It cannot be calculated. Utilitarianism hinders that aspect that distinguishes us from the rest of the animal kingdom and that is the ability to feel and think in abstracts. Utilitarians, may contend however, that anatomically, it would be the opposable thumb that sets us apart. The gradual breakdown of the children who had such an upbringing took on different routes but both led to a destruction of their seemingly perfect lives. Tom gave much credence to his pseudo-freedom from the stifling rigidity of science and math and into the arms of vice. No productive outlet or substitute was provided for his suppressed emotions and was therefore easily addicted and resorted to get-rich quick schemes. Louisa, on the other hand, had no choice but to give in to expectations of her and that is to get married which led to the further repression of her emotions. Questions on social issues can be gleaned from the discussion of marriage between Gradgrind and his daughter where Gradgrind, typical of a man and worse, a man blinded by facts and practicality could not read between the lines as he itemizes the pros and the cons of the proposal of marriage as if it is a mere business proposal and must be approached with much objectivity. What should take precedence when it comes to marriages? Should it be for practical purposes or tests of compatibility? If neither is no longer present, should one cut ties altogether? Anyway, as Gradgrind continues to be practical, his daughter laments as she is about to enter into next phase of adulthood when she has yet to experience childhood. ‘Why, father,’ she pursued, ‘what a strange question to ask me! The baby-preference that even I have heard of as common among children, has never had its innocent resting-place in my breast. You have been so careful of me, that I never had a child’s heart. You have trained me so well, that I never dreamed a child’s dream. You have dealt so wisely with me, father, from my cradle to this hour, that I never had a child’s belief or a child’s fear. ’ (Dickens, 2007, p. 138) And to this, â€Å"Mr. Gradgrind was quite moved by his success, and by this testimony to itâ€Å" (Dickens, 2007, p. 138) only to listen and break down and do some soul-searching himself when Louisa has finally allowed herself several years later to break free from her suppression and made her father understood the misery in her heart and the consequences it will ultimately bring. Another hapless victim was Mrs. Gradgrind herself who was reduced to something quite insignificant as she had been unable to cope with the academic precepts. She was however given the chance to salvage what remained of her true self and only because she gave up trying to absorb the useless facts that cluttered and rattled in her mind. It also makes a resounding statement that the redeeming characters in the book were only partly or not at all exposed to the tenets prescribed by Gradgrind. There was Sissy Jupe a. k. a. Cecilia to Gradgrind a. k. a.  girl number twenty to her schoolmasters. She only joined the family later on and while she was not spared the rigors of fact bombardment, she was able to escape intact having had a solid upbringing in an atmosphere of discipline, fun and love. On impulse and on love, she was able to right the wrongs. She was able to persuade Harthouse, Louisa’s intended lover from leaving not through logic but by faith. She was able save Jane, Gradgrind’s younger daughter from the plight of Louisa by opening to her a childhood not before experienced in that household. Then there was Rachael, a Hand in the textile mill who did not have any formal schooling. Yet, this did not belittle her in the reader’s eyes because she had enough compassion to carry the whole town. Then there were the circus people. They were the only community who consistently showed a semblance of emotion, of camaraderie, of caring. Even the dog, Merrylegs, manifested human attributes and possibly gained more sympathy than Bounderby who publicly embarrassed himself for lying about his own mother and denying his heritage. All the proponents of utilitarianism met their downfall while those who showed humanity led fulfilling lives. Gradgrind himself has discovered that aside from the â€Å"wisdom of the Head. . . there is the wisdom of the Heart† (Dickens, 2007, p. 295) and Dickens was magnanimous enough to give his character a chance at true happiness. We end this paper with words from Sleary, circus owner and philosopher as he sums up how it is and how it should be when dealing with your fellow men and when dealing with life.